Hot potting isn’t always illegal—but hot potting in Yellowstone National Park is both illegal and extremely dangerous. Over the years, several people have lost their lives attempting this risky activity: soaking in the park’s geothermal pools.
At first glance, the temptation is understandable. Many visitors see those vibrant blue pools and think they’re similar to the natural hot springs found elsewhere in the U.S. But Yellowstone’s geothermal features are nothing like your average soaking spot. Some of these waters are as hot as boiling water—or even hotter. Others are highly acidic, capable of dissolving human tissue within hours. And the ground around them? Often thin, unstable, and crusted over, making it dangerously easy to fall through.
Despite numerous warning signs and public safety messages, the tragedies continue. People who ignore the risks sometimes pay the ultimate price.
What Is Hot Potting?
Hot potting is the act of soaking in natural hot springs. In many parts of the world, it’s a relaxing and even therapeutic experience. Places like Idaho, Montana, and Colorado have well-known geothermal pools where people can safely bathe in warm, mineral-rich water.
However, hot potting in Yellowstone is a completely different story—one that too often ends in tragedy.
Unlike traditional hot springs, Yellowstone’s geothermal pools are unpredictable, dangerously hot, and often filled with toxic chemicals. Temperatures can exceed 200°F (93°C)—hot enough to cause third-degree burns in an instant. Some pools, like those in the Norris Geyser Basin, have pH levels below 1, making them more acidic than battery acid. Falling in isn’t just a risk of burns—it’s a risk of being dissolved.
Many victims never get a second chance. Some have slipped on unstable ground, others have jumped in trying to rescue pets, and in some tragic cases, entire bodies have disappeared into the extreme heat and acidity.
Yellowstone’s hot springs are mesmerizing, but they are not meant for human soaking. They are to be admired, respected and left untouched.
The Tragic Reality: True Stories of Hot Potting Fatalities
Case Study 1: The Fate of Colin Scott (2016)
In June 2016, Colin Scott, a 23-year-old from Portland, Oregon, visited Yellowstone with his sister, Sable. Drawn by the allure of the park’s thermal features, they wandered off the designated boardwalk near Norris Geyser Basin—an area restricted due to its hazardous geothermal activity. Their goal was “hot potting,” despite it being strictly prohibited.
As Sable recorded their exploration, Colin attempted to gauge the water’s temperature by dipping his hand. Tragically, he lost his balance and fell into the scalding, acidic pool. Despite Sable’s immediate efforts to help, the extreme conditions made rescue impossible. By the time park rangers arrived, Colin’s body had been largely dissolved by the pool’s corrosive waters, leaving behind only personal items like his wallet and flip-flops.
Case Study 2: The 1981 Tragedy of David Kirwan
In July 1981, David Kirwan, a 24-year-old from California, was visiting Yellowstone’s Fountain Paint Pot thermal area with his friend Ronald Ratliff and Ratliff’s dog, Moosie. Around 1:00 PM on July 20, Moosie escaped from their vehicle and jumped into the Celestine Pool, a hot spring with temperatures around 202°F (94°C). Despite warnings from bystanders, Kirwan dove headfirst into the boiling water to save the dog. He managed to reach Moosie but soon released the dog and attempted to climb out. Ratliff helped pull Kirwan from the pool, sustaining second-degree burns to his own feet in the process. Kirwan suffered third-degree burns over his entire body and succumbed to his injuries the following day. Moosie did not survive.
Recent Incidents and Ongoing Dangers
The peril persists. In August 2022, a 70-year-old man from California died after entering the Abyss Pool at Yellowstone Lake’s West Thumb Geyser Basin. Weeks later, partial human remains were discovered, indicating the lethal nature of these thermal features.
In September 2024, a woman from New Hampshire suffered third-degree burns after accidentally stepping into a thermal pool. Such incidents highlight the ever-present risks and the importance of adhering to park safety guidelines.
Statistical Overview of Hot Spring Fatalities in Yellowstone
| Year | Victim | Incident Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Andrew Clark Hecht | Fell into the Crested Pool and died. |
| 1981 | David Kirwan | Jumped into Celestine Pool to save dog; died from burns. |
| 2000 | Donald Scheele | Fell into Ledge Geyser; succumbed to severe burns. |
| 2016 | Colin Scott | Fell into acidic hot spring; body dissolved. |
| 2022 | Il Hun Ro | Entered Abyss Pool; partial remains found weeks later. |
These tragedies serve as sobering reminders of the lethal nature of Yellowstone’s geothermal features. Since 1872, hot springs have caused more deaths in the park than encounters with bears and bison combined, with at least 22 recorded fatalities and hundreds of injuries.
Learn More: Eco-Tourism Vs. Over-Tourism: The Balance for National Parks
Why Is Yellowstone’s Water So Dangerous?
Extreme Temperatures
Many of Yellowstone’s hot springs and geysers reach temperatures near or even above boiling. For instance, certain features can have temperatures exceeding 199°F (93°C), which can cause severe burns almost instantly. Just beneath the surface, temperatures can be even higher, making the ground treacherous.
Lethal Acidity
Some of Yellowstone’s thermal features are not only hot but also highly acidic. For example, areas like the Norris Geyser Basin have springs with pH levels as low as 2, comparable to stomach acid. Such acidity can cause severe chemical burns and rapidly degrade organic material.
Unpredictable Geysers
While some geysers, like Old Faithful, have relatively predictable eruption patterns, many others do not. Geysers can erupt suddenly, releasing boiling water and steam without warning. A recent example occurred in July 2024, when a geyser in the Biscuit Basin unexpectedly exploded, sending scalding water and debris into the air and causing visitors to flee.
Fragile Ground
The areas surrounding Yellowstone’s thermal features often have thin crusts that can give way under weight, exposing scalding water just below the surface. In September 2024, a 60-year-old woman suffered severe burns after stepping off the designated trail near Old Faithful and breaking through the fragile ground into boiling water.
Presence of Toxic Gases
Certain geothermal areas emit gases like hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In high concentrations, these gases can be harmful or even fatal to humans and animals. While such incidents are rare, it’s essential to be aware of this risk, especially in poorly ventilated areas or during periods of low atmospheric pressure.
Microbial Hazards
Yellowstone’s hot springs are home to thermophilic microorganisms that thrive in extreme conditions. While fascinating, some of these microbes can be harmful to humans, especially if they enter the body through open wounds or the inhalation of aerosols. Visitors should avoid direct contact with thermal waters to minimize this risk.
The Legal and Environmental Consequences of Hot Potting
Hot potting is strictly illegal in Yellowstone’s geothermal features. Those caught face severe penalties, including fines of up to $5,000, potential jail time, and permanent bans from the park. These strict regulations are in place to protect both visitors and the park’s delicate ecosystems.
Legal Consequences
Violating Yellowstone’s regulations can lead to significant legal repercussions. For example, in 2020, three individuals attempted to cook chickens in a hot spring within the park. They were apprehended and faced fines ranging from $540 to $1,250, along with probation and bans from the park. In another incident from 2021, a woman was sentenced to seven days in jail and fined over $2,000 for walking on thermal features, highlighting the seriousness with which these offences are treated.
Environmental Consequences
Beyond legal ramifications, hot potting poses significant environmental threats. Yellowstone’s geothermal areas are fragile ecosystems, home to unique organisms that have adapted to extreme conditions. Introducing foreign substances—such as soaps, oils, sunscreen, or even human skin cells—can disrupt these delicate environments, leading to bacterial blooms and altering water chemistry. A recent study highlighted the presence of wetsalts tiger beetles thriving in the park’s hot springs, showcasing the unique biodiversity that could be threatened by human interference.
Human activities have already caused noticeable damage. The Morning Glory Pool, once renowned for its deep blue colour, has transformed into a mix of green, yellow, blue, and orange hues. This change resulted from tourists throwing coins, trash, and other debris into the pool, blocking its conduits and altering its temperature, which encouraged bacterial growth. Although recent years have seen a reduction in such debris as visitor behaviour has become more respectful, the pool’s damage serves as a reminder of the importance of environmental conservation practices in maintaining natural wonders.
Learn More: International Environmental Regulations
Sustainable Alternatives to Hot Potting in Yellowstone
1. Boiling River (Yellowstone National Park)
Located near the park’s North Entrance, the Boiling River is one of the few areas within Yellowstone where soaking is permitted. Here, hot thermal waters mix with the cooler currents of the Gardner River, creating a comfortable soaking spot. However, it’s essential to note that access is seasonal and subject to closures due to environmental conditions. For instance, as of October 2022, the area has experienced significant changes due to flooding, impacting accessibility.
2. Chico Hot Springs (Pray, Montana)
Nestled in the foothills of the Absaroka Mountains, Chico Hot Springs Resort & Day Spa offers two open-air mineral pools with temperatures ranging from 98°F to 104°F. Established in 1900, this historic resort provides a rustic charm alongside modern amenities, including fine dining and a full-service spa. It’s a perfect spot to unwind after exploring Yellowstone’s wonders.
3. Yellowstone Hot Springs (Gardiner, Montana)
Just a short drive from Yellowstone’s North Entrance, Yellowstone Hot Springs features three mineral pools with temperatures between 98°F and 105°F. The facility emphasizes a tranquil experience, with constantly circulating fresh mineral water and stunning mountain views. Visitors can also enjoy the unique Kneipp walk, an invigorating water therapy experience.
4. Firehole River Swimming Area (Yellowstone National Park)
Situated two miles south of Madison Junction on Firehole Canyon Drive, this designated swimming area allows visitors to enjoy the Firehole River’s warm waters. The river’s temperature can reach up to 86°F during the summer months. However, access is seasonal, typically opening in mid-summer when water levels are safe. Always check current conditions before planning a visit.
5. Yellowstone Hot Springs (Corwin Springs, Montana)
Formerly known as Corwin Hot Springs, this facility reopened in 2018 and offers three diverse thermal pools: a hot plunge pool averaging 104°F, a larger recreational pool at 102°F, and a cold plunge pool maintained between 60°F and 65°F. Located just a ten-minute drive from Yellowstone’s North Entrance, it’s an excellent spot for relaxation after a day of exploration.
6. Astoria Hot Springs Park (Jackson, Wyoming)
Approximately an hour’s drive from Yellowstone’s South Entrance, Astoria Hot Springs Park reopened in late 2020 after extensive renovations. The park features five artificial thermal pools, including a leisure pool, children’s pool, and river pools, all set within a 95-acre conservancy. It’s an ideal stop for those travelling through Wyoming.
7. Bozeman Hot Springs (Bozeman, Montana)
Located about 87 miles from Yellowstone’s North Entrance, Bozeman Hot Springs boasts 12 distinct indoor and outdoor pools with temperatures ranging from 57°F to 106°F. Surrounded by the picturesque Gallatin Valley, this facility has been a popular retreat for over a century, offering both relaxation and entertainment, including live music events.
8. Granite Hot Springs Pool (Jackson Hole, Wyoming)
Situated near Jackson Hole, about 90 miles south of Yellowstone’s South Entrance, Granite Hot Springs Pool has been a hidden gem since the 1930s. Open year-round, it provides a serene soaking experience amidst breathtaking mountainous landscapes, making it a worthwhile detour for those seeking tranquillity.
Conclusion: Staying Safe While Enjoying Yellowstone’s Wonders
Yellowstone’s geothermal features are incredibly beautiful but extremely dangerous. No photo, social media post, or thrill-seeking experience is worth the risk of death or life-changing injuries.
Actionable Safety Tips
- Stay on Designated Boardwalks & Trails – The ground near the hot springs is unstable and can collapse underfoot.
- Respect Park Regulations – Hot potting is illegal and punishable by fines or bans.
- Educate Yourself & Others – Many visitors don’t realize how dangerous Yellowstone’s waters are.
- Visit Designated Hot Springs Instead – Enjoy hot springs safely at legal soaking areas like Chico Hot Springs or Boiling River.
